\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepgfplotslibrary{dateplot}
\usepgfplotslibrary{units}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\pgfplotsset{/pgf/number format/use comma}

\begin{document}
\pgfplotstableread{
0 0.16
4 7048.69
8 8410.30
16 7831.95
32 8408.59
64 6417.31
128 11163.88
256 18099.17
512 27901.94
1024 29209.31
2048 2598.34
4096 2781.34
8192 2232.44
16384 4275.79
32768 5040.09
65536 7782.45
}\imballtoall

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[
    	xmin=1,
    	xmax=65536,
    	xmode=log,
        ymin=0,
    	log basis x=2,
        xlabel={Nachrichtengröße [MiB]},
        ylabel={Zugriffszeit [ms]},
        width=15cm, height=10cm,
        change y base=true,
        y SI prefix=kilo
    ]
    	\addplot[smooth,blue] table {\imballtoall};
    \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
